By-Salai Van Lian Thang: CDF-Mara hi NLD Upa Pathum Li nih An Dirhmi Asi- KEI NIH KA THEIHMI MTC/MDF! ? – MTC (Mara Territorial Council) timi cu caankarlak Mararam khuatlang uknak ṭhiṭhruaibu asi. ”Caankarlak” timi “interim” hi sullam a ngeimi biafang asi. Mararam khua 44 aiawhtu nu le pa hna nih Khawmpi Civui nithum chung tuahmi nih ningcang tein Khuazing Pathian sin thlacamnak he a dirhmi ramkhel dothlennak bu asi. Hi hna nih Mararam khua 40 lengah khuatlang uknak kha an tuah.
MTC lungput cu: “kum saupi pengtlang uknak pathum tangah ṭhenṭhek dihmi Mara khua vialte kha i ṭhenṭhek ti loin uknakbu administration pakhat tang te-ah tulio caankarlak chung ahhin um ti dih tuah hna usilaw SAC ralhrang uknak hi lungrual tein hmunkhat te-ah dohti ve tuah hna usih” timi khi asi.
– MTC ah department tampi a um i, MDF cu MTC Defense Department tangah a ummi asi. MDF timi cu “Mara ramah hriamtlaibu pahnih a ummi hi cu hmailei caah a ṭha lo ee, hmailei ah nanmah le nan mah karah itheihpalh sualnak hna a chuak sual lai ee” tiah Mara Army le CDF-Mara timi hriamtlaibu pahnih in a rak um tawnmi hna kha Maraland Defence Force (MDF) tiah ramchung ramleng Mara nu le pa hna nih lungrual tein khua an khan hna i phu pakhat ah minthut biahrennak minthut hnatlaknak he an fonhmi MTC hruaimi hriamtlaibu khi asi. T
ulio MDF hruaitu pawl khi CDF-Mara a hramthawk tein a rak dirhtu le a rak hruaitu hna a zik lawngte; KIA ah training kaimi, CNA ah training kaimi, AA sinah training a kaimi tiah aa fonhmi bu khi an si. Mara minobu hruaitu le catang ngei sianghleirunbu hruaitu deuh nih an ṭhithruai liomi hriamtlaibu asi.
– Tulio CDF-Mara aa timi hi cu ramchung ramleng Mara nupa hna nih Mararam ipumkhatnak khuakhannak meeting (MRCT meeting) an tuah lioah mi tam-u biachahnak (mee 7 le mee 10 in) an sungh caah thin tawi in a chuak i, Mara NLD upa pathumli nih CDF-Mara kungpi a um ko liopi ah ningcang lo deuhin a thar in an va dirhṭhanmi khi asi. CDF-Mara GHQ hrampi hruaitu pawl pakhat hmanh an itel hna lo.
Cu meeting ah an lungtlin lomi zong cu zeidang khi siloin “Mararam khuatlang uknakbu hi hriamtlaibu ralkap nih maw a hruai lai asiloah mizapi thimmi hruaitu upa nih dah an hruai deuh lai?” timi zonah “mizapi thimmi uknakbu nih a hruai awk asi i hriamtlaibu ralkap timi cu mizapi thimmi upa hna ukhruainak tang te-ah an um ding asi” timi “civilian supremacy” nih thimfung in a tei deuh caah cucu duh loin a chuakmi khi an si.
Zeidang kong – SAC ralhrang kan doh lai maw doh lai lo- ti bantuk bia ah iṭhenmi asi lo. Hi an i ṭhennak biatung “military form of administration v. democratic form of administration” zon hi hmailei tiang a biapi dingmi bia asi. Mizapi thimmi ukhruainak; khuanu khuapa hna ukhruainak tang te-ah a um duh lomi hriamtlaibu cu hnu ahcun damiah le mifirbu ah an chuak kho timi kha a phan deuh caah MTC/MDF cu “principle of civilian supremacy” kha fek tein aa tlaihnak khi asi. Tulio ah mah tein khuatlang uknak phung kalpi cuahmah lio caanah a takin nunpi le hman aherh ko, tiah a ruah ca zongah asi.
-MTC/MDF nih “Chin” timi min hi kan miphunpi zapi tein a huapmi min asi, tiah ṭha tein a pom i a cohlan ko. Mararam ah CDF-Mara te lawng hi rak um sehlaw “Chin” timi min te ah a um thai ko lai. MDF a chuah a herh lo. Nain, hriamtlaibu pahnih fonhmi asi caah an ifonh khawhnak caah harsa ngaingai in an min veve kha an kal tak veve hna i, minthar “MDF” timi tangah lungrual tein hnatlaknak min an thut i Mara Khawmpi palai tam-u duhpinak in sakmi min khi asi. “Chin” timi min an huat caah asi lo; ipumkhatnak le ilungrualnak ser an duh tuk caah lamdang a um ti lo caah harsa ngaiin an min cio kha an hlawt i minthar an ibunhmi kha asi ko.
“People” timi an hmai ah aa bunhmi PDF bantuk an um ko, “Chin” tiah an hmai ah aa bunhmi “CDF” an tampi ko, “Yaw” tiah an hmai ah aa bunhmi “YDF” an um ve ko. Kawlrawn ah min a phun tam lengluang rel cawk lo an isak ko. Biapibik concept cu “offensive” siloin “defense force” timi kha international law ah a biapimi biafang cu asi. MDF nih an hmai ah “Mara” timi an ibunh ruang hnaah a dang “defence forces” pawl he an i dannak pakhat hmanh a um lo. SAC ralhrang a domi dang “defence force” he an i khat ve ko.
– Tulio MTC/MDF hruaitu cu CDF-Mara a dirhtu hmasa azik an si caah CJDC dirhnak meeting zongah an rak itel ve. CJDC phunghram ah MPC/CDF-Mara tiah an min khumh an si. Cucaah CJDC hruaitu ah Mara hruaitu palai zong kha an thlah ve i CJDC hruaitu zong kha an ṭuan ve. Asinain, Mara Khawmpi (Mara People’s Congress) nih Mara Army le CDF-Mara cu MDF tiah bu pakhat te-ah a fonh hna hnu in CJDC lei nih a ruang um loin an palai thlahmi cu a rian in an ngolter colh.
“MPC-CDF-Mara timi kan min hi Mara Khawmpi nih Mara Army le CDF-Mara kha phu khat te-ah a kan fonh i MPC timi kha MTC, CDF-Mara timi kha MDF tiah MTC/MDF tiin min thar a kan thlen caah kan cohlan piak hram ko u” tiah ṭha tein CJDC le CNF hruaitu upa kha an va chonh hna nain CJDC caantling meeting a phak tikah MTC/MDF cu CJDC chungtel sinak in chuah le ṭhawl an si. Cucaah anmah nih CJDC ah an um duh lo caah siloin CJDC lei nih an umter duh hna lo caah an um lonak kha asi ko.
CNF le CDF hriamtlaibu he rianṭuanti an duh lo caah siloin anmah nih riantuanti thiam lo dingin an tuah hna caah khan asi ko. Hi kongkau ah CJDC hruaitu upa cheukhat nih ningcanglo deuh le diklo deuh ngaiin a chunglei ah thil an kalpimi a um caah cu nih hmailei ah theipar ṭha lo hna a chuahpi te sual lai, ti hi phan a um. Nain, MTC/MDF nih cun SAC ralhrang a domi phu vialte he lungrual tein ṭanti le dirti dih cu a duh zungzalmi asi i cathanh an chuahmi zongah hmuh asi.
– MTC/MDF hi khuathlang lei India um Mara nih ukhruaimi asi lo. Khuachaklei SAC ralhrang uknak a duh lomi Mara hruaitu upa hna nih hruaimi asi. Asinain, CDF-Mara le Mara Army tiah phu hnih in an um kha nitlaklei Mara kan nupa hna zong an lungre a theih ngai ve caah phukhat ah an ifonh khawhnak hnga khuakhan tawlrelpinak ah khuathlang lei MADC cozah, minobu MTP GHQ, sianghleiruubu MSO GHO hruaitu upa hna zong an itel ve. Mara Khawmpi nupa palai zapi hmaiah CDF-Mara le Mara Army phuhnih ifonhnak minthut hnatlaknak biakam “Ataozao Bietaina” (Merger Agreement) ah theihpitu dirhmun in minthutu tette zong an si.
Cucaah MTC/MDF cu khuathlanglei Mara cozah, NGO bu rual hna le nu le pa hna zong nih fek tein an dirkamhmi le tha an pek ngaingai nak cu asi. MDF ralkap ah nitlak lei Mara pakhat hmanh an um lo bantuk in MTC tawlrelbu (EMC) zongah nitlaklei Mara pakhat hmanh an um lo. MTC ruahnak petu ahcun pakhat hnih cu telh an si ve nain mee an ngei lo. KIO nih China ram um Kachin unau dirpinak a herh ko; Shan le Karen nih Thailand ram um Shan le Karen an unau dirpinak a herh ko; CDF le CNF nih Mizoram ummi kan unau hna dirpinak lo cun asi kho lo. Cu bantuk te khi Mara zong cu asi ve ko. Thil dang zeihmanh a um lo. USA ramah Mizo kan unau hna atu lelek kan sawmmi hna khi aruang a um caah asi cuh.
– MTC/MDF nih ralhrang SAC hi a doh. Cucu an Phunghram ah ṭha tein an ṭialmi asi. MTC/MDF hruaitu chungah CDM a tuahmi an tampi, tulio MTC GS zong CDM a tuahmi asi, cun VP pakhat zong CDM a tuahmi asi; SAC ralhrang uknak tang um duh loin a chuakmi hna nih zeitindah SAC ado lomi cu an si khawh lai? MTC/MDF hruainak tungtlang ah CDM a tuahmi an itel hrim in khan SAC ralhrang doh cu asi colh.
MTC Education Department nih Mara ram khua 40 lengah NUG sianginn dirh dingin khua an khanmi cu zeitindah SAC a doh lomi nih cun an tuah khawh lai? Cu zong cu MTC/MDF a rem lomi hna nih NUG he ipehtlai kho lo dingin an khan. Phundang cun: SAC ralhrang do kho lo dingin an tuah hna khi asi. Tulio SAC ralhrang he kan icuhbikmi cu aho pennak ram dah a kau deuh timi “ram le vawlei (territorial control)” khi asi. Cucu tulio kan dohthlennak ah azik le a muru asi lio caan te asi.
International law ningah vawleipi nih dotla cohlan khawhnak (recognition and legitimacy) chung luh khawhnak caah tawhfung biapibik cu “territorial control” hi asi ko. MTC/MDF nih Mararam khua 40 lengah khuatlang uknakbu a sermi cu phun dang cun: “territorial control” khi asi i, a tawinak cun SAC a ram le a pennak chuh, bitter le hrawh dih kha asi. Zeitindah cucu SAC ado lo tiah kan ti khawh hna lai? Meithal puah lawng kha SAC ralhrang doh khi asi lo.
MDF nih a dang hriamtlaibu bang meithal tu cu a puah kho ve rih lo – a dik. CDF-Mara tiah an um lioah ralkap training petu an rak herh, CNF zong an fuh, ṭhaṭhi in an rak pe kho hna lo. Meithal an herh, an pe kho fawn hna lo. Cuticun kumkhat chung an rak um i ral an do kho hna lo. Kum khat hnuah MDF tiah fonh an si hnuah thazaang an chuah ve hna; training ṭha tein an kai hna; hriamnam an zalh, ral do kho dingin an si khawh chungin an izuam ve cuahmah.
Tucu an imanh pah ve cang tiah cathanh an chuahmi hmuh asi. Ngaingai ahcun CJDC chungtel ah rak cohlang hna sehlaw CJDC chungtel rual hna he ral an tuktinak hi a sau ngai cang men ko lai. Nain, a lenglei nih ral tuk an forh ruang ah tlabulbal in meithal an puah sawhsawh lai lo. Khuahnu khuahmai ṭha tein zohbu le ruatbu tein lungfim tein a tuk ahcun an tuk te ko lai, tiah ka zumh.
– MTC/MDF cu AA he ṭha tein le fek tein hoikawm aa tuahmi (alliance) an si. Zeicatiah AA cu SAC ralhrang a domi bu asi ve caah khan asi ko – zeidang khi a um lo. AA hi ralhrang a domi si hlahseh law MTC/MDF nih a pehtlai lai lo i hoikawm ah aa tuah lai lo. MTC/MDF cu AA he hoikawm an si ruangah adang CDF le CNF tbk ado hlei hna lo, a hua fawn hna lo.
SAC a domi hriamtlaibu dihlak he hoikawm ah ituah in dirti dih a duh; idawt irem dih a duhmi asi kha an cathanh ah ṭha tein a lang ko. AA nih Chinmi ipumkhatnak cheu le hmal a duh caah MTC/MDF a hun fuh riangmang i a bawmhmi zong asi lo; SAC ralhrang doh lio can ahcun raltuk thiamnak cawn an herh, cu thiamnak a chim khotu sin poah an panh a hau ko; hriamnam an herh, a bawm kho tu sin poah an fuh cio a hau ko; cucu ralhrangpi tuk lioah a phung asi ko.
Aung San nih a ralpi a teinak ahcun Japan a fuh caan a um bang England a komh ṭhan caan zong a um ve ko. AA nih Mara lawng asi lo; Kawl PDF hriamtlai phu tampi zong kha a bawmh, CDF cheukhat pawl zong a bawmh; MTC/MDF cu AA he hoikawm an si ruangah AA nih a uk (control) mi asi lo. Mara Khawmpi palai hna nih zaukphung ning tein an thimmi “Elected Body” hruaitu upa hna nih zingzan uknak le policy an hruaimi bu asi.
MTC/MDF cung ahcun Mara mizapi le Khuazing Pathian lawng kha an um; AA le adang a zei hriamtlaibu hmanh an um ti lo. USA nih a ralpi tei a duh tikah a hmanbikmi (keyword) cu “with our allies and partners” tiah hoikawm tampi aa sawm tawn. SAC ralhrangpi tei itimh lioah hoikawm le bawmtu ṭha tampi ngeih aherh ko; SAC ralhrangpi tei kan duh taktak ahcun AA he zong aherh ahcun ṭanti khawh le dirti khawh kha a biapit lio caan te asi ko, tiah ka ruat. Cu ruangah NUG zong nih AA he komh aa zuam lenmi asi lai tiah ka zumh.
– MTC/MDF tiah Mara Army le CDF-Mara cu Mara Khawmpi a kaimi nupa palai dihlak hmaiah i komhnak min an thut i Khuazing Pathian sin Pastor nih thlacampiak nakin an ifonh dih hnuah “CDF-Mara ka si” tiah ningcang loin hnuah adir ṭhanmi hna cu “Mara karah lungrual lo in um thai lai cu a ṭha lo ee” tiah hruaitu nupa hna an sia a remlo caah remnak serpi dingah aa rak izuam lengmang. Cu ruangah remnak khangti dingah MTC/MDF hruaitu rual cu Fartlang khua tiang an va kal; CDF-Mara leiin pakhat hmanh an chuak lo caah a lawngin an hung kir.
Cun nitlaklei Mara nupa hna nih remdaihnak tlangtlatu phu nganpi (East Maraland Joint Affairs Committee) an dirh ṭhan i, tlang an tlak ṭhan; nain CDF-Mara lei nih an cohlan hoi lo caah hmala kho loin a rawk. A donghnak ah MTC/MDF nih Peace Commission timi a dirh i, Open Letter in khuaza theih in remnak khuakhangti dingin sawmnak a tuah ṭhan; zeihmanh lehnak tunitiang a hmu lo, tiah ka theih. Cucaah tunitiang remnak le i pumkhatnak an ser khawh lonak cu CDF-Mara aa timi lei nih an duh hrim lo caah khan asi ko; CDF-Mara upa cheukhat an lungkhon rih ruangah le “keimah” timi lungput an ngeih rih caah asi. Cun, an hnulei in “chaktlaitu le tawsawhtu” zong an um pah caah asi, tiah a ruatmi zong an um.
– Chinram in chuah aa timmi bu asi lo. Khuatlang lei India um Mara he ifonh in ram pakhat dirh aa timmi zong asi lo. Ralhrang hramhram ukpennak donghter le Kawlram bupi kha Federal Democracy ramkomh dik ah ser kha aa tinh ve mi cu asi ko. Cun kum saupi peng pathum ah ṭhenṭhek dihmi Mararam khua vialte kha uknak pakhat tangah hmunkhat tein mah tein khuakhannak nawl a ngeimi sinak dirhmun in khuasak umti dih ding kha a duhmi cu asi ko. Cu zong cu biathar hlathar khi asi lo; pipu chanin Mara nupa hna nih an rak khel pengmi kha asi.
Cu zong cu ning le cang tein hmailei ah Chinram phunghram chung le Federal ramkomh phunghram chungin ṭha tein tawlrel le ruah a herhmi asi zong kha MTC nih aa fiang ngai ko. MTC/MDF nih tulio a duhbikmi cu: Mara ram kha ralhrang SAC ukpennak tangin a luat dihmi (liberated area) ramah ser ve kha a duhmi cu asi i cucu a dang hriamtlaibu vialte zong nih duh dihmi le izuam cuahmahmi kha asi. Cuticun Chinram pumpi cu SAC ralhrang pennak tangin a luat dihmi ram “liberated area” ah tuah ding kha kan izuam cio ding cu asi.
– MTC/MDF hi Dr Ngun Cung Lian bu asi lo. Pehtlaihnak zong a ngei lo. MTC/MDF hruainak khoika hmanh ah Dr NCL a min a um lo. MTC/MDF a dohmi hna nih lih le hrokhrawk in an phuahchommi le an puhnak (politicize) an tuahmi asi. MTC/MDF hruaitu chungah hlan lio in Dr NCL he aa dawmi le naihniam chungkhar zong cu an va um kho ve ko; cu ruangah MTC/MDF kha amah bu asi lo i, MTC/MDF nih cu bantuk cu a theihpi hna lo.
MTC President hlun Pu Paul Sitha a thih lioah MTC/MDF chawva in a dirkamhtu Australia Mara unau hna nih a donghnak upatpek thlacamnak program an tuah (Pu Paul Sitha a chuahpi unau pahnih hi Australia ramah an um). Dr Ngun Cung Lian le Pu Paul Sitha cu CNF ah kum saupi a ṭuantimi an rak si lawng si loin Mara chungchuak veve an si caah cu program ahcun Dr NCL cu aa hun tel ve tiah ka theih. Cu program cu MTC/MDF nih an tawlrelmi asi lo; Australia um Mara nih an tawlrelmi asi caah MTC/MDF he aa pehtlai lo. Mah Dr NCL aa telnak hmanthlak kha MTC/MDF a huami hna nih “MTC/MDF cu Dr NCL bu asi, an program zongah aa tel ve” tiah asilo ningpi in an thangchiat chawhvahpi caah asi.
Kapa Mara asi, ka nu Zophei asi, Thantlang ah a chuakmi le a ṭhangmi ka si. Mara ram ah a saupi a um balmi ka si lo nain Mara caholh ṭha tein a thiammi ka si. Kum sau nawn kan hruaitu nu le pa hna hnuzul in dohthlennak ah caan ka rak hmang bal ve cang ruangah dohthlennak ah cawlcangh ṭhan aa timmi ka si ti lo. Sianginn a kaimi kan si caah a ruat zong kan ruat manh tuk ti lo; aa tel thiam ding zong khi kan si hna lo.
Nain, Mara nu le pa hna cu Mara hriamtlai phu hnih karah zeitindah kan fonh hna lai tiah an lungre kha a thei; khua an khang, remnak le fonhnak khuakhanpi ding rianah ruahlopiin sianginn ka hun dih tlawmpal ah an hun ka sawm ve. Mara ramah ”Khuatlang Mipi Uknak Bu” dirh ve kha a hun hau; uknak phunghram suai kha a herh; a tungtlang le ruangam dirh kha a hau; kan bawm ve law an ti caah kan santlaihlo bu-in tlai hnu deuhah khin kan itel vemi asi.
Pengtlang kan tanh tuk caah asi lo; amah chuakin a chuakmi mah tein pengtlang cio khuatlang “Mipi Uknak Bu” ser le “Hriamtlai Bu” idirhnak tiluan nih a kan luhpi cio caah khan asi; ramkhel kan dirhmun kan kaltaak zong asi lem lo; kan santlaihlo bu tein kan pengtlang nih a kan herh i a kan hlamnak zon te-ah kan itel ve caah khin asi. MTC/MDF lawng asi lo; bawmh a herhmi bu zeimawzat zong kha kan ti khawh tawk tein bawmh lengmang an si.
Cucaah MTC/MDF cu ningcang tein khuachak khuathlang le ramleng Mara nu le pa hna nih thla zeimawtzat ceihkhannak in lungrual tein Pathian sin thlacamnak he an dirhmi bu asi caah ka dirpinak asi. Mara Khawmpi nih a fehtermi “phunghram (Mara Charter)” ning tein ṭha tein aa ṭhihruaimi bu asi caah ka upatnak asi. MTC/MDF hruaitu upa hna cu zauk phung ning tein Mararam khua 44 leng nupa palai hna nih Mara Khawmpi ah an thimmi hna an si caah zulhtlak an si ko tiah ka aukanhmi hna asi. Hi bantuk dohthlennakbu hi Mara ram ah an um ti maw? MTC/MDF lawnglawng hi Mara ram ahcun a um chun “dotla” cu asi ko.
– Mara ramchung khua 40 lengah khuatlang uknak kha an ser; Mararam mizapi 86% hrawng nih an dirkamh. Ramleng um Mara 85% leng nih an dirkamh. Khuathlang lei India ram Mara 98% nih an dirkamh. Phundang cun: a sullam cu MTC/MDF cu Mara miphun ramkhel aiawhtu bu dik tak khi asi ko.
– MTC/MDF hi CJDC chungtel ah rak cohlang hna sehlaw a dang hriamtlaibu rual he SAC ralhrang atu ve diam cang lai. Tulio CDF-Mara timi he khin zeihmanh an i dannak a um lai lo. AA he zong mah tlukin an i komhnak hi a kal lem lai lo. MTC/MDF nih Mara ram khua dihlak ah NUG sianginn dirh dih aa zuam; cu zong cu NUG he ipehtlai kho lo dingin a remlomi hna nih a phunphun in kham an si. Phun dang cun: MTC/MDF nih SAC ralhrang do kho lo dingin an tuahmi hna khi asi. Tuah ti sawh hna hlah usih.
– Ramchung ramleng Mara nupa hna le khuathlang lei bochanmi Mara nupa hna nih ”Mara ram ah hriamtlaibu pahnih a um hi cu a ṭha lo e” tiah Mara hriamtlaibu phuhnih kha phukhat te-ah ningcang tein an fonhmi hna tungtlang lungrualnak hi lungtling tein upat hmaizah piak sawh hna usih. Doh sawh hna hlah usih. A tang rihmi lungrualnak an izuam rih nak zongah bawmchantu dirhmun ah kan va dir khawh lohmanh ah an iṭhen hmalnak a nganter chintu ahcun cang sawh hna hlah usih.
– “Social contract” “democratic values” le “international norms” hna ṭha tein a tlaihchanmi le a dirpitu taktak kan si hna ahcun bu pakhatkhat kan dirpi tikah tahfung (criteria) zeimaw tal cu kan ngeih herh: ningcang tein khuanu khuapa mizapi aiawhtu taktak hna an kainak Khawmpi (Convention) bantuk ṭha tein a ko i a tuahmi an si maw; cu bantuk mizapi aiawhtu taktak Khawmpi nupa palai hna nih an hnatlak fehtermi a fekmi Uknak Phunghram phunphai a ngeimi le a hmangmi an si maw; cu bantuk Khawmpi nupa palai hna nih zaukphung ning tein an thimmi hruaitu upa hna nih an hruaimi bu asi maw timi tahfung phun tal hi cu ṭha tein zohpi pah tuah hna usih. Cu bantuk tahfung sinak a tlinhmi lawnglawng khi tha pek ding, ṭanh ding le dirpi sawh hna usih.
Zeicatiah cu bantuk bu lawng cu “dotla bu” le “mipi aiawhtu bu” taktak cu an si hna i, “mandate and legitimacy” a ngeimi an si. Mararam ah cu bantuk tahfung (criteria) cu MTC/MDF lawnglawng nih ṭha tein a tlinh i, a upat fawn i biapi ngaingai in a chiah, tiah ka hmuh. Hi bantuk zon a man fahnak (value) le a biapitnak tete ṭha tein kan sunhsak thiam hna i a takin kan nunpi khawh hna lawngah Federal Democracy ram kan timi cu a takin kan hei dirh khawh te hna lai. (Note: Hi cabia hi MTC/MDF ruahnak asi lo; MTC/MDF aiawh in ṭialmi asi lo; caṭialtu nih MTC/MDF pumpak in a theihning le hmuhnning kha asi). update